Heat & Temp. Anticipation Guide
Heat & Temp. Booklet Scavenger Hunt
Energy Video BNSG
Heat Video BNSG
Thermometer Cartoon
Ice Cube Insulator Project
BBC Absolute Freezing Video
Snowball Earth Video
Rusty Spheres - In Class Demo
Burning Peanut / Shreddies - Demo
Melting & Boiling Temperatures Table
Heat Glossary
Heat Vocab. Jumble
Heat Glossary Word Search
Heat Glossary Crossword
Bi-metallic Strip / Ball & Ring Experiment
Heat Quiz
6 Changes of State (Matter)
Particle Theory / Thermal Expansion
Heat Capacity
Heat Applications
Bonus Assignment

HEAT & TEMPERATURE are not the same thing.

• Heat: is thermal energy. It is transferred from areas of more heat to areas of less heat. It tries to achieve an equilibrium.
  - COLD DOES NOT EXIST! - "Cold" is just the relative absence of molecular motion.
• Temperature: is a measure of the average energy level of the particles in a substance.

Particle theory

• Explains the movement of particles in gas, liquid & solids.
• Particles move faster in hot water than in "cold" water.
• When heat is added to an object, particles move faster & take up more space. (Expand)
• When heat is removed particles move more slowly & take up less space. (Contract)
• Water is weird. It expands when heated AND when it solidifies (by ~9% in volume).

Expansion: is an increase in the volume of an object/substance. Adding heat causes expansion.

Contraction: is a decrease in volume. Occurs when heat is removed from an object/substance.

Thermometers

Thermometers: contain a liquid that expands & contracts when heated. We use different scales to measure temperature:

The Celsius Scale: The Celsius scale is based on the properties of water.
The freezing point of pure water at sea level is 0 °C, & the boiling point is 100 °C.
It is named for the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius, who established the scale in 1742.

ANTIFREEZE

Most cars wouldn't function in our cold Canadian climate for long if it weren't for antifreeze. Antifreeze is added to cooling systems to prevent them from freezing up. It lowers the FP (Freezing Point) Water by itself would freeze at O°C, but a half and half solution of water and antifreeze (ethylene glycol) freezes at -35°C. This solution is safe for most cars operating in most temperate climates. In colder regions, a solution of 7:3 antifreeze prevents freezing up to -64°C.

Antifreeze helps in summer too. Adding it raises the BP (boiling point) of the liquid in a car's cooling system. This helps cars from boiling over.
Many important industrial process rely on different boiling and freezing points to help them separate and purify products. Ie. Gums, waxes, oils & greases.

The Kelvin Scale: Degrees Kelvin: the temperature scale that begins with absolute zero, the point at which atomic motion ceases & there is a complete absence of heat. Each Celsius degree equals one Kelvin. The Kelvin scale has no negative numbers. The coldest temperature "possible" is 0 K (Absolute Zero). Water freezes at 273 K & boils at 373 K. It is named for the English scientist Lord Kelvin, who established the scale in 1840.

A Sense of Scale Travel from absolute zero to uber hot! Cold Research Timeline From Galileo's thermoscope to experiments that got near 0 K.

A Matter of Degrees Create your own temperature scale, compare to others. Anatomy of a Fridge How does it work?

The Ice Trade Send ships with ice abroad. Make a profit!